Digital Communication Essay

1. It is fast and easier.   2. No paper is wasted.   3. The messages can be stored in the device for longer times, without being damaged, unlike paper files that easily get damages or attacked by insects. 4. Digital communication can be done over large distances through internet and other things. 5. It is comparatively cheaper and the work which requires a lot of people can be done simply by one person as folders and other such facilities can be maintained. 6. It removes semantic barriers because the written data can be easily chaned to different languages using software. 7. It provides facilities like video conferencing which save a lot of time, money and effort. 1.Circutary becomes simpler than AC. 2.Highly resistive to noise as we are dealing with binary digits. 3.Highly secure. 4.Can travel long distances and can store data for long time. 5.AS we have regenerative repeaters & reconstruction filters in the receiver section we can extract original signal transmitted 6. Error correcting and detecting is easy. 7. A comman format is used for different kind of message signal such as speech signal and video signal. 8. Flexibility in configuring digital communication. digital hardware implimentation is flexible and permit the use of LSI. microprocessors anmd digital switches. Disadvantages: 1. It is unreliable as the messages cannot be recognised by signatures. Though software can be developed for this, yet the software can be easily hacked. 2. Sometimes, the quickness of digital communication is harmful as messages can be sent with the click of a mouse. The person does not think and sends the message at an impulse. 3. Digital Communication has completely ignored the human touch. A personal touch cannot be established because all the computers will have the same font! 4. The establishment of Digital Communication causes degradation of the environment in some cases. â€Å"Electronic waste† is an example. The vibes given out by the telephone and cell phone towers are so strong that they can kill small birds. In fact the common sparrow has vanished due to so many towers coming up as the vibrations hit them on the head. 5. Digital Communication has made the whole word to be an â€Å"office.† The people carry their work to places where they are supposed to relax. The whole world has been made into an office. Even in the office, digital communication causes problems because personal messages can come on your cell phone, internet, etc. 6. Many people misuse the efficiency of Digital Communication. The sending of hoax messages, the usage by people to harm the society, etc cause harm to the society on the whole. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Communication Definition of Digital – A method of storing, processing and transmitting information through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. Advantages of Digital – Less expensive More reliable Easy to manipulate Flexible Compatibility with other digital systems Only digitised information can be transported through a noisy channel without degradation Integrated networks Disadvantages of Digital – Sampling Error Digital communications require greater bandwidth than analogue to transmit the same information. The detection of digital signals requires the communications system to be synchronised, whereas generally speaking this is not the case with analogue systems. 1.The first advantage of digital communication against anlog is it’s noise immunity.In any transmission path some unwanted voltage or noise is always present which cannot be eliminated fully.when signal is transmitted this noise gets added to the original signal causing the distortion of the signal.However in a digital communication at the receiving end this additive noise can be eliminated to great extent easily resulting in better recovery of actual signal.Incase of analog communication it’s difficult to remove the noise once added to the signal. 2.security is another priority of messaging services in modern days.Digital communication provides better security to messages than the analog communication.It can be achiev ed through various coding techniques available in digital communication. 3.in a digital communication the signal is digitised to a stream of 0 s and 1 s.So at the receiver side a simple decision has to me made whether received signal is a 0 or a 1.Accordingly the receiver circuit becomes simpler as compared to the analog receiver circuit. 4.Signal when travelling through it’s transmission path gets faded gradually.So on it’s path it needs to be reconstructed to it’s actual form and re-transmitted many times.For that reason AMPLIFIERS are used for analog communication and REPEATERS are used in digital communication.amplifiers are needed every 2 to 3 Kms apart where as repeaters are neede every 5 to 6 Kms apart.So definitely digital communication is cheaper.Amplifiers also often add non-linearities that distort the actual signal. 5.Bandwidth is another scarce resource.Various Digital communication techniques are available that use the available babdwidth much efficiently than analog communication techniques. 6.when audio and video signals are transmitted digitally an AD(Analog to Digital) converter is needed at tansmitting side and a DA(Digital to Analog) converter is again needed at receiver side.While transmitted in analog communication these devices are not needed. 7.Digital signals are often an approximation of the analog data(like voice or video) that is obtained through a process called quantisation.The digital representation is never the exact signal but it’s most closely approximated digital form.So it’s accuracy depends on the degree of approximation taken in quantisation process. .That not everyone has access to these sites .not everyone can use these sites . you can never trust sites like this because you dont know who or were the person is reading your message Social networking is the process of finding friends and of managing friendships through the internet. People who wish to meet others on line put up their most compelling and attractive presentations through their profile pages. They join groups and communicate with others by commenting on topics or by introducing topics that hope to encourage discussion. The advantages are endless. A person can protect privacy by putting up fake addresses, birthdates, addresses and symbolic images, making the profile private and for friends only. Privacy is ensured by exercising caution when posting personal and biographical information and photos. The amount of personal data that is made available should be highly customizable, or it is best to find a site that provides better privacy features. The disadvantages are also endless. Social networking sites can sell your personal information to anyon e who wants to buy it, including spammers and on line predators. Even if the terms of understanding claim that no personal information will be sold, the site can change its policy at any time. If blogs or other original content is published at a site, the site can take over copyright privileges in unlimited ways. Few writers, artists and musicians are aware of this and forget to read the terms of understanding in order to find out what can happen to their works. True identity is never known unless people meet in person. While it is a myth that, without body language, a person’s behavior and personality can never be understood, there is never a way to get a person’s complete behavior and personality profile strictly through on line interaction. There are too many people on line and in social networking sites. The tendency is to head for the biggest party, but the biggest party is also the most challenging place for conversation that leads to more understanding and more fruitful interactions. It is daunting and time consuming, but the best way to find people is through the forums and groups. The most dangerous people are the sparky and outgoing personas who want to become an instant best friend to total strangers. There is too much relentless and suspicious pressure from some who wish to impose their demands for personal information on others. They make one good point, which is that it is creepy to have a person show up in a group or to start inviting people to be friends when they have an empty Social networking is the process of finding friends and of managing friendships through the internet. People who wish to meet others on line put up their most compelling and attractive presentations through their profile pages. They join groups and communicate with others by commenting on topics or by introducing topics that hope to encourage discussion.The disadvantages are also endless. Social networking sites can sell your personal information to anyone who wants to buy it, including spammers and on line predators. Even if the terms of understanding claim that no personal information will be sold, the site can change its policy at any time. If blogs or other original content is published at a site, the site can take over copyright privileges in unlimited ways. Few writers, artists and musicians are aware of this and forget to read the terms of understanding in order to find out what can happen to their works. True identity is never known unless people meet in person. While it is a myth that, without body language, a person’s behavior and personality can never be understood, there is never a way to get a person’s complete behavior and personality profile strictly through on line interaction. There are too many people on line and in social networking sites. The tendency is to head for the biggest party, but the biggest party is also the most challenging place for conversation that leads to more understanding and more fruitful interactions. It is daunting and time consuming, but the best way to find people is through the forums and groups. The most dangerous people are the sparky and outgoing personas who want to become an instant best friend to total strangers. There is too much relentless and suspicious pressure from some who wish to impose their demands for personal information on others. They make one good point, which is that it is creepy to have a person show up in a group or to start inviting people to be friends when they have an empty or hidden profile. There is a happy medium where limited and safe information can be put up, but there can be far too much manipulation and aggression involved with getting others to give up age, location, real photos and far too much detail about themselves in public profiles. It is sad when a group holds an in-person event or meeting and only some members can travel or pay for a trip to meet everyone. This happens in the best and most well founded groups, but creates a rift between those who have met in real life and those who have to confine their interaction to the group posts.In summary, there are dangers, irritants, untrustworthy processes, such as selling registration information, and there are untrustworthy people who are active in social networking. The savvy social networker takes time to establish solid friendships and memberships in groups, has a skeptical mind, and holds back when prompted to give up too much personal information or to interact with total strangers. 1. addicting and waste of time. 2. cyber trolls and cyber threats. 3. can disturb your real social life. 4. noneducational 5. much radiation from computer screens. Social networking sites have become exceedingly popular in recent years. This increased popularity has caused concern among many parents about how these sites are affecting their children. Parents are becoming aware of many disadvantages of social networking sites including their affect on a child’s ability to concentrate. Constant online communication affects children, making it difficult for them to communicate and concentrate when away from the screen. It is, therefore, important for parents to monitor their children’s online social interactions and place a time limit on how long they can spend on the computer. Notable among the disadvantages of social networking sites is the presence of cyber bullying. Parents should monitor their children’s online social interactions to prevent them from becoming victims of cyber bullying. Social networking can affect children negatively if they are inadvertently dragged into some sort of cyber bullying, which may lead to teen suicides. Social networking affects children to the extent that social networks sometimes encourage interpersonal relations that are unrealistic. A child’s online interactions with people who could influence them in a negative manner may expose them to quite serious threats and potential dangers. Sometimes a child’s online social interactions may not be appropriate. The luxury of hiding behind a screen where they are unknown gives them the opportunity to say anything. This freedom could result in fights or online bullying. Despite their disadvantages, social networking sites have many advantages. Children may make some good friends online, become more aware of current affairs, and get career guidance. A child’s online social interactions, if properly monitored, can be beneficial to their career and life. Social networking affects communication among children, which can be both positive and negative. The disadvantages of social networking sites can be offset by having some kind of plan in place where parents can supervise their child’s Internet activities. Children should be educated about how online communication affects them and about the negative effects their online social interactions may have. Advantages: * Social skills. Facebook allows kids to keep up with current friends and make new ones. When used in the right way, social media can increase a child’s self-esteem and help them feel less isolated. * Self-expression. A Facebook page gives a child their own â€Å"home page† on the web, where they can express themselves and talk about their interests. They can join groups and support fan pages, and find out what other people are interested in. * Digital competence. Managing a Facebook page teaches a child how to post comments and photos, and how to navigate the web. Having good online social media skills will be increasingly important as they get older. * Educational development. A majority of tweens and teens use social networking to discuss school work. Shared discussions about school assignments is one of the best reasons to allow access to social networks. Disadvantages: * Kids can be mean. However much you school your child on the right way to behave online, you cannot stop other children from posting mean comments. * A Facebook account is a gateway to the whole Internet. It’s impossible to isolate a Facebook account from the rest of the Internet – links and click-through ads are everywhere. If you think your child is too young to explore the Internet or cannot be trusted to remain within the Facebook environment, then a Facebook account is a bad idea. * Beware of friends of friends. Often times it’s not your child’s friends that are the problem, it’s friends of friends. When your child accepts a friend request, make sure you check out their page and their list of friends. (If you are friends with your child, you need to be careful with your page too!)

Education Dialogue Essay Essay

There are many people in today’s society that believe going to school is essential in order to live a rewarding life. What people don’t understand is the fact that there are many different aspects of education and some are more important than others. Although practical knowledge is important to learn, there is a big difference between schooling and educating. There are many elements of education that stimulate growth and are necessary in order to fulfill ones learning potential. The purpose of education is to help humans grow and mature intellectually. Education should foster creativity and the students should be able to develop their potential by believing they are capable individuals. Education should also let the student’s curiosity and interests direct their studies. It is important that the learning environment is positive and will help the students develop their set of morals and characteristics such as respect, loyalty, and kindness. Boredom is the common condition of most students in any type of school. This could be because the teachers are boring which makes it nearly impossible for the students to be interested in what is being taught. The boredom may also be caused by the lack of imagination and creativeness in the classroom. It is important that education fosters creativity and lets the students express themselves individually. â€Å"The aim.., is simply to reduce as many individuals as possible to the same safe level, to breed and train a standardized citizenry, to put down dissent and originality.† (Gatto, p.3) People would agree with Gatto in the sense that schools generally put down originality and confine students to standardized education. Many schools group students together based on test scores and proficiency levels and students start looking like robots as they go day to day in the same routine. In elementary school, I expressed my creativity in so many ways; finger painting, writing stories, coloring. It was difficult when I got into middle school and began taking classes that were strict in a sense that all I did was sit there, write notes, and regurgitate my new knowledge the best I could. It’s safe to say when I entered high school; I realized how much of my creative self I’d lost. I got so accustomed to taking notes, reading textbooks, and taking tests on scantron paper. I took a creative writing  class my freshman year in high school. When I entered the class, I didn’t think I would be able to write creatively because I had just spent the last three years writing hypothesis and formal essays. Thankfully, there was a spark in my brain that lit and developed a passion for creative writing. Throughout the year, I wrote poems, short stories, prose pieces, I even attempted writing a chapter book. I discovered a creative side of myself that had been shaded out in middle school. The next year, I took Creative Writing 2 as an elective. I created poetry pieces that I was very proud of and I decided to enter one into a statewide writing competition. The poem was titled Magnolia and it won me second place. I had finally found something that expressed who I am, I loved writing and I was good at it. I was afraid that school would make me feel jaded and unable to express the things I feel and the thoughts I think. Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Everybody is a genus. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing it is stupid.† This quote has been in the back of my mind throughout my years of schooling. Everyone is different; everyone has different skills, knowledge, and abilities. It is important that students understand that just because they may not excel in math or science courses, they may be outstanding in something else. â€Å"Schools are meant to tag the unfit—with poor grades, remedial placement, and other punishments—clearly enough that their peers will accept them as inferior and effectively bar them from the reproductive sweepstakes.† (Gatto, p.4) Standardized tests do a magnificent job of making students feel stupid or inferior to other students who score higher on their aptitude tests. Schools and tests should not make people think less of themselves because of poor scores. Throughout high school, I did well in my classes. I got my homework done on time, I quizzed fine, but when it came time to take tests; I froze and forgot all knowledge previously put in my head. Although I may not be a very good test-taker, I believe I have an important set of skills that cannot and will not be defined by scores and grades. The learning process begins on day one of life. Growing up means learning about yourself, your surroundings, and how to put the two together. In the early years of education, children develop their character and discover their set of moral values. I think it is so important that in any learning environment there is respect and kindness being encouraged. People learn at a young age how they are going to interact with others. It is necessary that young people learn how to be kind hearted and understanding. Education should give students, a sense of right and wrong, good and bad. It should teach people the importance of respect, trust, and compassion. Character traits are developed in the early years of education so it is crucial that the learning environment encourages positive character and makes it possible for the student to expand a strong sense of morals. The world is a tough place but it is important to teach young people how significant it is to have compassion for other people. Today’s education system is a controversial issue because there is so much to be taught and some topics never get touched in public school. Education should let students develop themselves creatively, let the student’s curiosity and interests direct their studies, and it should help the students develop their character, morals, and teach the significance of compassion and respect. Education has many different aspects that should, all in all, stimulate growth and fulfill one’s learning potential by letting them discover and express themselves. Standardized education can be toxic because it groups students together and does not leave room for creativity and open-mindedness. Education should inspire students to be individuals with positive mindsets and outlooks on life.

Poem Essay

India Williams Mrs. Holzmeister English 1102 February 8, 2010 The Theme of Love in Helen Farries â€Å"Magic of Love† and John Frederick Nims â€Å"Love Poem† The word Love is a strange feeling that can be one of the most exciting things someone will ever experience. It’s a feeling of warm, personal deep affection that one has for another person or thing. In Helen Farries poem â€Å"Magic of Love† she is very straightforward about how love makes someone feel â€Å"It can comfort and bless/ it can bring happiness† (601). But in John Frederick Nim’s poem â€Å"Love Poem† he uses metaphors to talk about love and you have to pay close attention to what he is saying. The theme of these two poems is love and the opposing views of the author’s views of love. Helen Farries creates the image of love being magical. Love can make people feel good; make you feel bubbly and all warm inside, â€Å"like the sun, it can warm your hearts† (601). She goes on to create an image that love is a gift, one that you can give and receive, â€Å" It’s a gift you can give every day that you live/ And when given, it comes back to you! † (601). In John Frederick Nims poem he creates the picture of a clumsy person, â€Å" My clumsiest dear, whose hands shipwreck vases† (601), but people still see her beauty. Even though she is very clumsy he loves her anyway. In the first stanza of the poem you start to think that maybe this poem isn’t talking about love because of how he describes her as â€Å" a bull in china† and â€Å" a bur in linen† (601). Just when you think the poem isn’t about love, he changes directions and give her some praise, â€Å"The refugee uncertain at the door/ You make at home; deftly you steady/ The drunk clambering on his undulant floor† (601). He loves her in spite of her flaws. In â€Å"Magical Love†, Farries uses informal diction. She uses plain, common, everyday kind of language that we all can understand. There are no riddles to try to decipher or to understand the meaning â€Å"When love lights the way, there is joy in the day† (601). In Nims â€Å"Love Poem† he uses formal diction. With formal diction the poem comes across, as it should. He is seen as almost arrogant. He can do no wrong but his lovely lady has a lot of flaws but nonetheless he loves her in spite of them. He uses metaphors, â€Å" In traffic of wit expertly maneuver/ And keep us, all devotion, at your knees† (602) to get his point across. In both of these poems the common ground is Love. One-poem talks directly about how magical love makes you feel, and the other indirectly talks about love. They both say the same thing in two different ways. All the ups and down makes love between two people very beautiful. Works Cited Farries, Helen. â€Å"Magic of Love. † The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Micheal Meyer. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2009. 601. Nims, John Frederick, â€Å"Love Poem. † The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Micheal Meyer. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s 2009. 601-602.

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gun control - Essay Example It is easy to deem this as a trigger happy syndrome but the fact remains to be very volatile and fearful. The statistics that have been formulated in regard to continuations of violence and the sources of the violent behavior have become staggering. In November 1998 a Japanese student new in California was shot dead when he tried to find a specific address from a middle aged resident at the middle of the night due to miscommunication and language problem. (King, 317) Such examples are abundant and this is the reason it is necessary to look into the matter of gun control policy. Furthermore, experts amidst researchers and policymakers should managed considerable thought toward understanding how short and long term influences of abuse, including drugs, alcohol, and other substance abuse along with mental health stress. The understanding of immediate affects abuse would have, how it relates to voluntary behaviors. The main objective of the research would to develop a form of argumentative system that would be instrumental in helping out the policymakers and enable them to lead a normal logical conclusion on the subject of gun control policy and life within the main stream of the society. (Lamb, 37) 2. 2. For this purpose it is needed to formulate a policy or practice that would enable the government to determine a policy to put restriction on the guns. It s important to include population from different walks of life and interview them for their views on the subject opposing the policy unrestricted access to firearms. The formulation of this research would be based on the surveys taken on the various government officials, general population and adolescents whereby it would be ascertained about the amount of agreement on the topic of gun control in the United States. Alongside a large amount of data would be collected to determine the detrimental affects of free ownership of guns in the mass population without government restrictions. This would also be accompanied by data regarding firearms related crimes in the United States and United Kingdoms. United Kingdoms would be taken into consideration to evaluate the effects of government regulation of firearms and the firearms rela ted crime rates of the two nations would be compared. A memorandum prepared in this process would be a vital part of the proposal to eradicate the policy unrestricted access to firearms.It is believed that the adolescents suffering from victimization goes through a huge psychological defoliation therefore it is important to address this case and the ultimate affect when some of them get free access to firearms. The government officials would be taken into consideration, specifically security and law enforcement officials, because these are the section that could convey the actual result of free access to firearms. Lastly, the general population would be considered because they are the main sufferers and it is important to incorporate their individual and social views. The main memorandum backed by the amount of research would certainly prove to be helpful while influencing the policymakers of the US authority. It is obvious that the policy of presenting well researched memorandum is viable to expose risk of unrestricted acce

The United Kingdom's Nuclear Weapons Program Research Paper

The United Kingdom's Nuclear Weapons Program - Research Paper Example 0s, the research conducted is still relevant today because of its impact on the scientific community, how other states perceive this information and the impact it has on the rest of the world (Ritchie 133). Apart from UK having the perception that its nuclear weapons acted as contributions to NATO, the state also believed that the weapons were a guarantee for both internal and external security (Milne et al. 8). Although the UK participated in the nuclear program, studies show that it is among nations that have moved further towards the establishment of minimal nuclear deterrent (Kristensen & Norris). This has been made possible due to the nation’s plans of reducing the total stockpile to not more than 200 warheads in the next 15 years (Stocker 10). To achieve this, UK has gradually declined in its former role of a super power state, which in turn has resulted to an improved economy due to the reduction of the defense expenditure (Simpson 10). The involvement of UK in nuclear weapons is not a recent incidence because this programmes were still in existence from 1940. Although the UK participated in the nuclear program, the nation is among states that have moved further towards the establishment of minimal nuclear deterrent. This is evident due to UK’s plans in ensuring that the total stockpile is minimized to less than 200 warheads within a period of 15 years. Cirincione, Joseph, Jon B. Wolfsthal, and Miriam Rajkumar. Deadly Arsenals: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Threats. Washington, D.C: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005. Internet resource Milne, Tom, Beach, Hugh, Finney, John, Pease, Sebastian & Roblat, Joseph. An End to UK Nuclear Weapons. 2008. Web. 9th April 2014

Investing in SME's in developing countries. Discuss different facets Essay

Investing in SME's in developing countries. Discuss different facets associated with these investments (from the perspective of - Essay Example There has been an upward trend in the acquisition of private equity funds due to a number of reasons. Apart from the high returns on investment, small and medium enterprises take up private equity because the markets have been liberalized to free market economies and there is proper disclosure and financial reforms that enable transparency to be experienced at the time of investment. PE funds also enable companies fill the gap in finance in the self-financing of the company and obtaining funds from other sources. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have numerous definitions with each country having its own distinct definition depending on its own unique economic patterns. However, most countries base their definitions in the number of employees, value of assets or the annual turnover for a firm to qualify as a small and medium enterprise. For example, the European Union states the limits for the number of employees in SMEs to be between 200 -250, w hile Japan sets the limit as 300 employees. This starkly contrasts with the situation in USA whereby SMEs are those enterprises with about 500 employees in the firm (Murphy 7). According to the World Bank, small and medium projects are those businesses with workers not exceeding 300 in number with a yearly income turnover of $ 15 million, and resources that are valued at $ 15 million. Data made available by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) show that almost 100% of business entities or enterprises within the grouping are small and medium enterprises accounting for 60% of employment in the private sector thereby making a substantial contribution in the development of economies of most developing nations. Developing nations define SMEs as groups of businesses that is composed of a mixture of self-employed or enterprises that have less than 10 employees and they are often found in informal sectors of the economy. The SMEs are regulated through certain princi ples that allow them to thrive in any given market. These principles include the proportionality principle that establishes an appropriate comparison or balance between risks and costs and their impact on the regulation of the business. This ensures that there are no needless or unnecessary demands placed upon the business in its regulation. The policy objectives must be transparent, clearly defined and communicated to the SMEs so that they know their prime objectives and obligations and make them aware of the expectations from the regulatory authorities. There must be accountability in the preparation of proposals and consultation before the making or taking of decisions. SMEs do well in environments where the policies put in place are consistent in application. SMEs are important in the economies of developing nations in that they provide the important revenue that translates to more tax by specific nations. They also contribute to the creation of employment opportunities and reve nue generated from exports. They are however restricted in the acquisition of funds as often, they possess little information that may be required to access funds from example bank loans. This has made such kind of enterprises to resort to private equity funds that is fast gaining ground in the world’

Sontag, In Platos Cave from On Photography Essay

Sontag, In Platos Cave from On Photography - Essay Example n individual may perceive a story that consists of different objects and or people, the story will remain in a particular form in the mind of absence of a photograph. When the individual observes a photograph on the scenario later, then the notion that was formed in the mind originally changes automatically. The impact of the photo would depict a sense of superiority of the event or an individual. Again, the photograph have targeted objects during their time of creation or presentation. A photograph may consist of several objects but only the focal point matters amongst the observers. In most scenarios, the observers prioritize the central objects on which the photographs emphasize. As per the descriptions provided in the previous paragraphs, a rational evaluation of a photograph demands transparency. In a practical scenario, consider the photograph of a presidential candidate and analyze the main attributes. In 2008vpresidential elections in the United States, the contents of Obama’s photographs and especially the posters were stunning. Moreover, Obama’s polished picture with his name at the top and the slogan, â€Å"Yes We Can† at the bottom had the main impact on the voters. Indeed, photographs have a broad command in influencing notions, imaginations, and the viewing right. Impression is the most important aspect in the sense of sight (Sontag,

Analysis of Piracy and Plagiarism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Piracy and Plagiarism - Case Study Example However, one may point out that the need to create pirated movies has been influenced by the high prices or original versions of similar content. This counter-argument may not justify the practice. The price of movie production has increased significantly. For this reason, the consumer should appreciate the art of movie production. From a financial perspective, the cost incurred in the production process can only be compensated if consumers purchase the product at an appropriate price. The desired profit ratio cannot be acquired through the sale of pirated movies. Karaganis is the assumption that the price of pirated movies is almost 60% less of the price of the original DVDs. The rise of pirated movies has influenced the growth of television networks that offer alternative modes of consumer access to movies. For instance, the growth of television networks such as Netflix has been influenced by the need to create cheaper ways that consumers may access movies legally. However, the gro wth of such networks has been cited as a negative impact on the sale of original DVDs. Regardless, the trend is embraced hugely as it increases the level of exposure of movies. Strauss asserts that television networks offer a legal alternative that may substitute piracy to a consumer population seeking cheaper options. Another significant effect of piracy is the increased release of counterfeit movies with low quality. This dents the reputation of movie makers. However, if a consumer acquires a counterfeit movie they may not create a negative perception of the movie maker since they may understand the circumstances of which the movie was accessed. But, production of counterfeit movies of low quality does allow the consumer to capture the real creativity and effort of the movies made.

Evaluate the claim that migrants represent a threat to the UK economy Essay

Evaluate the claim that migrants represent a threat to the UK economy - Essay Example In a radio interview, for instance, Seimon Glynn, a rural British resident commented: â€Å"We are faced with a situation now where we are getting tidal waves of migration, inward migration into our rural areas from England, and these people are coming here to live to establish themselves here, and to influence our communities and our culture with their own. (____________________, p167) This state pretty much summed up the prevailing attitude towards immigration in the UK. It was made in reference to "inward migration," the influx of new inhabitants that are actually British subjects themselves. With the issue of foreign migration, the resentment and general negative opinion about alien workers are certainly more antagonistic and hostile. With Glynn's point of view, the two general claims against immigration were highlighted: first is that immigration takes away jobs and drain resources; and, secondly, they influence and change communities. This paper will examine if immigration, in deed, harms the UK economy in the context of these two areas. Effect on Cultural Homogeneity A fundamental consequence of immigration is multiculturalism and diversity. There is a persistent notion that they erode and threaten social cohesion and solidarity in Britain. It is not unlike a case about â€Å"they† and â€Å"us† or the concept of â€Å"otherness† that is quite at home with the British society’s imperial past and tendency to side with unity instead of diversity. What this circumstance contributes in the economic discourse of immigration is to reinforce and legitimize the view that diversity taxes obligations behind good society and the welfare state. As wave upon wave of immigrants arrive on British soils, more and more citizens are becoming concerned about the way the state would be obligated to support their needs. Hayes, for example, quipped that â€Å"refugees have begun to look like beggars at the gate, or even thieves† establishing the argument about how immigrants are becoming costly, burdensome, needy, and, hence, undesir able for the kingdom. (cited in Cohen, Humphries and Mynott 2002, p30) Indeed, as a welfare state, Britain is forced to support immigrants with benefits, usually in the form of services as well as cash through a national dispersal system. The prevailing perspective is that this would be unfair to citizens who have to share with the foreign population the services and benefits that their taxes have paid for. Then there is the issue of whether the state of the government’s finances could bear the brunt of these additional mouths to feed. As has been demonstrated in the way foreign workers were perceived to be a burden, the influx of immigrants to the United Kingdom, for some sectors, is seen to have a negative impact on the value of rights and privileges of the British citizens. For instance, the right to buy land of citizens may rightly be infringed or that as the government grants access to the labour market without any effective mechanism that regulate the way employers hire foreign workers by ensuring that it there is no available or suitable workers available in the country. (International Organization for Migration, p50-51) This aspect in the immigration controversy is quite complicated because it is tainted by bias and prejudice. The fact is that immigrants are highly restricted by the government. The stringent procedures and requirements for migrant workers ensure that those accepted into the country are only those desirable and those that could contribute to the UK economy. Cohen, Humphries

A Healthy Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Healthy Community - Essay Example In addition, a healthy community provides the members with a healthy environment. For example, healthy communities have clean water, clean air, and accessible medical services. To avert any unhealthy situations, the community invests heavily in health and prevention measures. Moreover, people are protected from health hazards caused by the lifestyles of others such as smoking. The community also invests in measures aimed at rehabilitating unhealthy lifestyles. Healthy communities believe that health is not only defined as the absence of illness, but also as a clean environment that gives people the opportunity to live a full life. Thus, healthy communities have low levels of illnesses, clean environment, clean air and water, and effective drainage systems. If I cared for the community whose definition of a healthy community is different from mine, I would use health education to put the various issues into perspective. I would involve the community in finding the rationale for their definition of health and also provide my rationale. In this way, a consensus on the definition of a healthy community can be reached, thereby enabling me to provide effective  care.

Masters of science in I.T. progam Personal Statement

Masters of science in I.T. progam - Personal Statement Example After doing a lot of background research and soul searching, I have made a decision to pursue a Master of Science in Information Technology (MSIT) at the Endicott College. Soon after graduating with a degree in criminal justice, I worked closely with individuals who were experts in the field of information technology. My experience with these colleagues woke me up to the fact that the world faces a lot of challenges in relation to information technology and security. My interest in the field of information technology has continued to grow ever since. It is this interest, my great passion for new technologies, and my desire to see the world get more secure that informed that ideally informed my decision to pursue a Master of Science in Information Technology. With the current knowledge and experience I have in IT, I am confident that I am geared toward success in this course. Among the numerous colleges and universities that offer MSIT, I chose the Endicott College for a number of reasons. A research on the college reveals that the academic staffs of the university are highly trained and experienced and are drawn from different professional backgrounds. The college also has the kind of resources that are invaluable to students learning online including an e-library and resource database. The Endicott College MSIT offers the flexibility that I need as I continue working and gaining more experience. I particularly like the fact that I will be able to choose elective courses that are aligned to my specific areas of interest as I take my course at Endicott College. I am confident therefore that the college will see me develop in my career path, equipping me with skills and knowledge to solve complex problems, manage projects, and develop and work with information systems. Upon graduating with my Master degree from Endicott College, I hope to work with a reputable organization in the U.S. to gain more experience in

Hafford furniture Essay Example for Free

Hafford furniture Essay A Crisis at Hafford Furniture: Cloud Computing Case study MMBA 507 Student ID: 300333323 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Hafford Furniture was a furniture manufacturer since 1970, supplying to furniture retailers, wholesalers and occasionally one-time bulk purchasers across the United States. Hafford relied on a Business Information System (BIS) to handle all the internal business processes. The BIS was seamlessly connected to a VAN-based EDI system, which served as the customer’s interface for making orders. In 2008, Hafford’s entire IT infrastructure and data storage were destroyed by a massive hurricane. Hafford was able to restore the company data with its disaster recovery plan, but not all its IT function. In March 2009, VP of IT proposed in a management meeting to adopt SaaS cloud solution to restore the IT function. Hafford could access to the same BIS without having to worry about the cost to rebuild another IT data centre. He projected that the IT staff strength could be halved, as the cloud vendor would take care of the management of the software’s platform and its infrastructure. The next day, the president of Hafford ignored the internal decision-making protocol and contracted their disaster recovery vendor, PFI Services for that same cloud service. In January 2010, Hafford was faced with appalling sales report for the year before, mostly caused by bottlenecks in the ordering system supported by PFI. Not only was the cloud capability insufficient, PFI was also filing for bankruptcy and undergoing liquidation. Hafford once again fell into a desperate situation. REVIEW OF KEY ISSUES Management issues Lack of Corporate governance The weak corporate governance in Hafford is especially notable in the fundamental change process. While there was an internal policy for creating a fundamental change in Hafford (Fig 1), Feckle, the President, had ignored it by entering into a cloud contract without consulting any of his top management, just one day after the premature proposal was shared with him. It was extremely risky to make such a significant business decision without sufficient knowledge in the service that he engaged. To make a well-informed decision, Feckle should have adhered to the corporate policy and trusted the IT professionals to evaluate and recommend a suitable vendor. Figure 1 Fundamental change policy 2. Failure to think critically during decision-making It is understood that Hafford used to adopt a VAN-based EDI-system specifically due to its security, despite it being slower and more costly. In Norris’ proposal for using cloud, he altered the company’s priority by pushing for an internet-based EDI-system, without providing solid justification. Questions like â€Å"will the internet-based EDI change the business in any way?† or â€Å"will it compromise customers’ security? † were not asked. The management seemed to have accepted this change too easily, without understanding its impacts. This concern should have been analysed more thoroughly before concluding to transit to an internet-based EDI-system. 3. Poor understanding of business needs The IT obj ective was not fully aligned with the business objectives. For example, in 2009, while the company was expecting a 30-35% increase in sales due to the efforts in a series of product improvements, the IT team was preparing a cloud proposal to the company basing only on the old IT functions. It had missed out on considering how it could support an explosive sales surge. Furthermore, Hafford was switching its VAN-based EDI to an internet-based EDI, which could potentially allow Hafford to widen its reach to attract a new group of SME customers. This could play a part in increasing their sales. However, Hafford did not foresee these changes, likely due to lack of communication between departments within Hafford. IT issues 1. Lack of thorough analysis in cloud computing The IT team failed to conduct due diligence in exploring all possible solutions that could meet its needs. While cloud offered great advantages for the company, it might have been too hasty to consider only private cloud as the final solution. In fact, public, private or hybrid cloud offered different potentials and could achieve the goal within competitive cost as well. The IT team should also have analysed each cloud model against its business needs before determining if software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS) or a combination of services would work best. 2. Lack of on-going management While cloud is said to be flexible, it demands some level of active management to harness the most of it after implementation. The IT team should be able to react quickly to resolve problems like the order bottleneck or a data lock-in. Besides, the IT team should have been more vigilant in ensuring business continuity for the company. RECOMMENDATION The key failure observed in the case was the lack of understanding in cloud computing and the lack of communication in the company. Like any other business decisions, the management should have exercised prudence by developing clear objectives and analysing the opportunities and threats before arriving at its conclusion. In this section, a recommended methodology to approach Hafford’s IT restoral problem is presented. Step 1. To develop business objectives The most important step is to approach a business problem with a clear business objective. It will be necessary for the management to look at the restoral of the IT centre as a collaborative business problem. Communication within the organisation is crucial in aligning all the stakeholders’ goals. With effective teamwork, the IT will appreciate the business values better and be able to analyse the suitability of various options. Step 2. To compare various viable options The IT team should research on what the available solutions are, before zeroing into a particular infrastructure option. While the restoral of a physical data centre may be expensive, there may be payment structures that could help reduce the impact. On the other hand, cloud computing may appear cheaper but it inextricably exposes users to a range of risks, especially in the aspect of security. Also, there are hybrid options that can minimise risk while offering cost benefit. In short, the IT team should fully understand the merits and shortcomings of the following options before selecting the IT infrastructure. 1. Public cloud 2. Hybrid cloud 3. Private cloud 4. Public cloud – Physical data centre 5. Physical data centre Step 3. To choose the suitable cloud service model There are three common service models in cloud computing. It is important to evaluate each model’s attributes and determine which cloud model would be more suitable for the business needs. 1. Software as a service (SaaS) To understand threats and opportunities of cloud computing Cloud computing offers the following powerful advantages but also opens a gateway to a wide range of threats. 1. Elasticity Usage-based pricing model, charging users only for the capacity used Scalability in terms of network and speed depending on demand 2. Simplicity Setting up and maintaining a data centre can take significant manpower. Cloud computing offers convenient and economical business solutions to clients, while taking advantage of the economy of scale by taking care of one specialised area in bulk. 3. Cost-efficiency No capital cost required. Companies benefit from the transference of risk (of over-provisioning and under-provisioning) of investing in a private data centre. While accepting these benefits from cloud, users should also exercise due diligence by being aware of all the possible problems cloud computing brings. Some of the crucial problems are outlined as follows. 1. Business continuity There is always a risk with placing valuable business information with a single third party. As such, the best way to go about is to even out the risk by employing multiple cloud providers and devising a business continuity strategy should any of them fail. Data lock-in It would be risky for a company to be unable to easily extract their data and programmes from one cloud provider to another due to compatibility issues of the programme and data from one cloud provider. In order to mitigate this risk, SaaS developer could use standardised API so that the business can remain flexible and mobile. 3. Data security While most cloud providers invest a considerable amount of attention on managing security, users should assess the security standards adopted by the cloud provider against their requirements before engaging it. 4. Insufficient capacity Although it is said that cloud is scalable, in rare occasions, businesses may experience traffic surges beyond what their contracted cloud can offer. Hence, it is important to strategize carefully before deciding on the cloud service. Step 5. Choosing the cloud vendor After thorough analysis and establishing a clear description for the cloud service needed, the user will have to evaluate the following factors to arrive at the most suitable vendor. 1. Pricing structure While cloud vendors typically follow a pay-as-you-use pricing model, pricing structure varies. For example, Google AppEngine charges users by the cycles used while AWS charges by the hour for the number of instances the user occupied. 2. Security Users need to look at a cloud service’s physical as well as network security. This refers to the physical location the cloud provider houses its equipment and network security measures like firewall and data encryption. Also, a cloud provider should be compliant to government standards specific to your business. In the case of Hafford Furniture, it was an auditing requirement for Hafford to ensure the cloud vendor is compliant with Statement on Auditing Standard No.70. 3. Other factors A clean record does not promise anything, it would be beneficial to also look at the vendor’s track record against available benchmark systems. Also, it would be helpful to have a vendor that can provide reasonably good service. Hence, it is important to know about the extent of customer support services, the setting up process and the ser vicing response and resolution time. Step 6. Engagement of cloud vendor and getting started During cloud rollout, especially from a different sort of data management, it would be common to face various teething problems. Cloud vendor should try to achieve seamless implementation, and companies might need to prepare their staff and/or customers should it affect their routine jobs significantly. Step 7. On-going active management of the cloud service Internal IT team should be continuously vigilant towards possible threats to ensure that the cloud service adopted by the company is safe and secure. Active backups of data must not be neglected. Also, internal feedback reviews could help the IT team understand the possible difficulties faced by the users, and also stay up to date with the company’s business initiatives.

The UK Tourism Industry: Benefits And Challenges

The UK Tourism Industry: Benefits And Challenges This report provides a product and market development strategy for the UK tourism industry. It focuses on the benefits and challenges of the UK tourism industry. The background history of UK and the overview of the scope are revealed in this study. It also outlines the vision, mission and its strategic objectives. The report highlights a summary of the key findings of strategic marketing audit of the UK tourism sector. The findings of the report are used to develop a strategy for increasing the economic benefits of tourism to UK. The strategy for overcoming the challenges in order to increase the number of individuals visiting UK for tourism is disclosed in this report. The report concludes by making strategic recommendations for areas of growth in tourism activities in UK, development of products and resources needed to ensure viability. More so, significant barriers to implementing those recommendations are identified throughout the report to address the concerns of stakeholders of the industry. Summary of Key Issues and findings The summary of key issues and findings that Britain needs to address in order to improve upon her global competitiveness includes; The importance of local market and business markets Growing Competition New Trends in Demands Competition from emerging destinations Taxation of accommodation and food Entry Visa and Increase in Price Climate Change Build on Britains image and increase distribution through the trade Britains major source of market and Britains core market However, only five points would be discussed in the body of the report and the rest will be sent to appendix 1. Definitions, methodology and framework Definitions This section seeks to explain strategic positioning and tourism. What is strategic positioning? According to Michael E. Porter, (1996) strategy is the ability to make an informed decision on how, when and where to target a customer group, facilitate resources and set objectives (limits) makes the difference between managers who thinks from a strategic perspective in light of what might emerge in future. Lovelock (1991), describes positioning as the process of establishing and maintaining a distinctive place in the market for an organisation and/or its individual product offerings. Putting them together, Strategic Positioning is the positioning of an organization (unit) in the future, while taking into account the changing environment, plus the systematic realization of that positioning (source:http://www.zenska-mreza.hr/prirucnik). What is Tourism? According to, Guyer Feuler (1905), Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which deliver a travel experience comprising transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. Tourism can be categorized into Domestic, Outbound and Inbound. Domestic tourism involves people taking holidays, short breaks and day trips within UK. The outbound tourism has to do with the peoples movement from UK to other provinces, territories or countries to explore. The inbound tourism involves individual traveling from other places such as Ghana, Togo, USA etc. to UK Methodology This report seeks to focus attention on the benefits and challenges of tourism industry in UK. The methods used in completing this report include; Literature review (Journals, Books, Articles and the internet) Data analysis at UK, both national and sub-national level Stakeholder engagement Conceptual framework The study adopted marketing framework to explain the functions that links the business with customer needs and wants in order to get the right product to the right place at the right time. Overview of the marketing process (Adapted from tutor2u, Riley (2012) Mission, Vision and Strategic Objectives The Mission To increase tourisms contribution to the growth and development of UK economy. The Vision UK is globally recognised as one of the worlds leading regional destinations for conference, business, sporting and other recreational activities. The country is noted for her high quality facilities, cultural and entertainment. In view of this, the report seeks to; Improve the UK share of tourism worldwide and employment and quality of life. Increase UK share in global visitor market. Strategic Objectives Maximize tourism visitation, spend and length of stay Attract investment in tourism related products Increase industry participation in marketing activities through industry engagement Improve tourism related community assets/products. improve the engagement of visitor with products Improve market access and connectivity Developing and marketing competitive tourist destination in UK Build on Britains image and increase distribution through the trade Improve the range of product on offer and make it easier to get to Britain Introduction This chapter provides the background history of UK and the overview of the industry. Background History Current state of UK The United Kingdom is a country that consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is a wonderful country with diverse culture and tradition. It is highly belief that, the nature of the people in the country, its landscapes, culture, character, history and traditions; its achievements, impact, successes, and standing; and its future, its vision, its potential makes the country Great. The aforementioned characteristics of the country has reckoned its own people, and people from across the world to see Britain, to know Britain and to understand Britain (Source: Former Prime Minister, Tony Blair). The country is a Member of plethora organisations which include the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), Commonwealth of Nations, World Trade Organisation (WTO), and Organisation of Economic Corporation and Development. UK has the permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. Through tourism contributions, United Kingdom is the world sixth largest economy and Worlds first industrialized country with a population of over 62.4 million (Ref. UN, 2011). The Overview of Tourism Industry in UK Tourism industry in UK has immensely contributed to the economic development in the country. The industry occupies a unique position as the UKs 5th largest industry, 3rd largest export earner behind chemicals and financial services and worth  £115 billion a year. Besides, it employs over 2.6 million people and supports over 200,000 Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (source: VisitBritain.com, 2012). Overseas visitors spend around  £18 billion a year in this country and they contribute more than  £3billion in tax and duty to the Exchequer (VisitBritain Consultation Document, 2012). Research has revealed that, tourism in UK is extremely growing faster than any other economic sectors. It is outpacing mining, agriculture, and fishing as a leading industry for the country. One could see the value of tourism in UK is extremely high. Although, the industry has been helpful to the countrys economy, there has been stagnation of growth recently, due to few key issues and challenges. This has made the industry to decline to the seventh position in the international tourism destination. This result is based on the visitors attendance and expenditure (Ref. UNWTO, 2011). It means that, France, USA, China, Spain, Germany and Italy are all ahead of UK in the tourism hierarchy (Ref. UNWTO, 2011). The question here isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. `what might be problems or challenges resulting to poor attendance of tourists in UK. It is argue that whiles UK tourism performs well, international tourism is fiercely competitive business and their competitors are upping their game (VisitBritain.com). The industry is facing problem on how to create a competitive, world-class tourism industry in Britain which can match both the quality and the best of British business as well as the scale of tourism in Britain in particular. Situational Analysis: The UK Tourism Industry and its Competitiveness The Value of Tourism to the UK Economy The contribution of UK tourism industry to the national economy demonstrates the magnitude and complexity of the industry. According to VisitBritains CEO, Sandie Dawe (2012), tourism has tremendously contributed to the development of UK economy. To her, the industry can grow by more than 60% which would be amounted to about  £188bn by 2020. Besides, the number of jobs directly and indirectly linked to tourism could rise by 264,000 to 2.89 million by 2020, (source: VisitBritain). Value of Tourism (Adapted from VisitBritain.com) Deducing from this, one could see that, tourism is a major contributor to the balance of payments. On the contrary, it is one of the few activities which would enable UK to achieve competitive advantages through the redistribution of labour within Europe (Economist, 1993:5-6). It is also a vital motivator of the UK economy reducing the deficit of the balance of payments, boosting employment, generating income, and contributing to regional development (Zacharatos, 1989:274; Truett Truett, 1987:178). In fact, tourism per se is one major generator of wealth in UK economy. The contribution of the tourism industry in the UK economy has been very encouraging. As of 2010, the contribution of tourism has a total revenue of  £110 Billion and 2011- £120 Billion per annum (UK Tourism Statistics, 2012). Visitors ( £m) Spent ( £Bn) Leisure 11.5 6.6 Business 6.8 4 .0 Students 0.5 1.4 Other 2.4 1.2 In 2011 (Ref: International Passenger Survey, 2011) * 1% increase in the cost, meaning, tourism earning drop down by 1.3% (Sensitive Tourist, 2001) 3.2. UKs Position in the International Market However, the industrys position in the international market chart has been falling for the past 3 years now. This is because the competition in the global market place has become very tough as a result emerging destinations and other outstanding destinations such as France, Italy, Malaysia, Turkey, U.S.A etc. Although the industry was able to beat the cut-out point set for year 2012, yet the countrys position in the global market is still declining. In 2011, as illustrated in Tab.1 below, UK came in the 7th position in the world classification of tourist destinations. The growth in global travel over the last two decades means that UK is competing against more destinations, for a larger number of potential visitors (VisistBritain.com). Strategic Key Issues Findings Facing The Industry The following key themes are outlined from the strategic audit based on research and findings in appendix 2 and 3. The importance of local market and business markets The local and business markets are seen as the UKs core markets. Research conveyed by VisitBritain has revealed that challenging facing UK international tourism does not only come from economic trends and competitive activity, but source market also poses unique complications. The local market consists of Western Europe and its surrounding nations such as France and Italy. France, Spain, Germany and USA generate 1/3 of all money spent by visitors in the UK economy (Visitbritain). However, since 2006, UK has lost these market shares and visits. This indicates that, Britain needs to defend volume, value and market share of these areas. New Trends in Demands The International tourism is moving to a level where consumers are demanding in new and varying activities which would engage them always. Consumers are demanding for new areas such as eco-tourism, health-tourism, sports-tourism, and activity-tourism and education tourism. This means tourists are no more interested in the culture or geographical location of the country. Therefore, in order to attract the attention of tourists, the industry should turn their attention on activity tourism, education tourism Growing Competition and Competition from emerging destinations Competition from existing and emerging destinations is another challenge. The emerging destinations like China, Malaysia, and Dubai are the countries that are growing at a fast rate in the tourism industry. Competitors are moving at fast rate, investing in marketing campaigns and addressing policy issues. For example, US government recently has published tourism strategy and national travel to deal with the visa process, border controls and issues of image. However, the major challenge here is how to create a competitive, world-class tourism industry in Britain which would match both the quality and the best of British business and innovative policies to create value and enhance of competitiveness. Emerging Markets The competition in the global market place has become very tough as a result of emerging destinations and other outstanding destinations such as France, Italy, Malaysia, Turkey, U.S.A etc. The strategic audit has outlined China, Turkey, Malaysia, Dubai and Egypt as the key target areas for tourism growth. Although the industry was able to beat the cut-out point set for year 2012, yet the countrys position in the global market is still declining. This has resulted because the global marketplace is getting tougher and countries like France, US, China, Germany and Dubai have recognized the potentials of tourism. This has awakened them to deliver growth and jobs in a tough economic climate. Taxation of accommodation and food Research has revealed that UK hotels and restaurants overtaxed in detriment to revenues for the wider economy. Thus, most UK hotels and restaurants charges full VAT rate on tourist accommodation, meal and attraction. There are several shops and restaurants in UK that charges tax on everything tourists buy. A notable example is McDonald- any food bought from McDonald has been tag with tax. This has demoralised most of the tourist to visit UK. Entry Visa The difficulty in accessing entry visa to UK is another factor inhabiting Britains competitiveness as a destination for international tourism. It is an established fact that, for one to get tourist visa to UK is very difficult. Apart from difficult visa process, it is also expensive as compared to other tourist destinations. For instance, to get a tourist visa to UK, one has to pay an Amount of  £78 whiles Schengen visa is  £53. So comparatively, people would prefer going to Germany, France and other destinations in lieu of UK. This has resulted poor performance since visitors from china, India and other African countries are now visiting Germany and France. Climate Change The weather condition in UK is seen as a drawback and hindrance to tourism in United Kingdom. As the weather in UK is unpredictable, tourist most often complain of been disturbed by rain and unfavourable weather conditions. This has negatively affected the industry since most people are discouraged and lost interest in embarking on tourism to UK. Developing Strategic Options from the above Analysis The findings above outline a number of challenges facing the tourism industry in UK. This section will develop a strategy that would be used to increase economic benefits for the countrys tourism industry. It would also outline a strategic approach to destination marketing (refer to appendix 2) in order to increase the number of individual visitors. It will develop a brand for UK tourism to get a sustainable presence in the global tourism market place. Pursuing local and business markets The industry should increase domestic visitation and focus on the local which is UKs core market. The UK industry should not ignore its local market and business markets whiles the emerging destinations such as China, India represent long term opportunity for growth. The industry should use advertisement, motivation and rewards to encourage the indigenes of this country to embark on domestic tourism. This will smell good for those outsiders to develop interest in visiting UK. Strategic development of clusters Clusters occur as a result of both vertical relationships with suppliers and customers as well as horizontal relationships based upon shared technologies and common customers (Barker, 2007). Thus, in order to increase economic benefit of international tourism in UK, the industry should aim at forming a cluster that will bring group of industries on board. The presence of the cluster will accelerate and magnifies the process of factor creation in the industry. Once the cluster is formed, it allows companies from the interconnected industries to invest in infrastructures, technologies, information and human resources to improve economic benefits of the tourism industry. Japan, for example provides a compelling impact of clusters on a countrys competitive advantage. In Japan, Keiretsu has formed a cluster of companies around the major banks with shareholding connections (Barker, 2007). This has encouraged cooperation and interaction. In simple put, the scale of the cluster will encourage greater investment, specialization, exchange information and ideas about market needs. Porter on cluster has cited several examples and it will be interesting to observe that clusters are active and strong in Japan, Italy, Sweden, and Germany. However, it is very weak in UK Strategic destination alliance Research has disclosed that, France, Spain, Germany and USA generate 1/3 of all money spent by visitors in the UK (VisitBritain). However, since 2006, UK has lost these market shares and visits. This means that, UK needs to defend volume, value and market share of these areas. In order to gain market share, the industry should establish a strategic partnership with the emerging competitors. The industry can link up with such destinations to form a league of nations with must visit and must see places. The tourism industry can develop stronger relationships with other private companies in the name of tourism partnership program. This will help to develop and promote cultural tourism and opportunities. Corporate social responsibility strategy Scholars like Friedman (1962), and Grossman (2005) maintain that, the traditional view of a company is that, the company has a responsibility to make as much profit as it can for its shareholders. Alternatively, the stakeholder approach suggested by Edward Freeman in 1984 directs organisations to manage the interest of and acknowledge a duty of care to a range of stakeholders. Based on the traditional view of the industry or a limited stakeholder view of the industry, UK tourism board should focus on using corporate social responsibility to increase positive stakeholder benefits whiles eradicating the negative effects of its action. It has been reported that non-governmental organisations have been donating millions to help in various environmental projects. These projects are centered on environmental protection, climate change, and the promotion of renewable energies. Also, VisitBritain should introduce structures that will engage and communicate with UK tourism industry and stakeholders. This will help to provide a coordinated approach to drive forward the implementation of the Strategic Framework for UK Tourism. The structure will give the industry the chance to share innovative and intelligence delivery as well as addressing key issues and challenges affecting the tourism industry. Notwithstanding that, it will acts as a key mechanism for VisitBritain to communicate with the industry and connect effectively with the emerging destinatioons. Strategic Recommendations To overcome the challenges and maximize the benefits of the industry, the industry in collaboration with UK Government should: Tax elimination There should be tax free tourists and ensure that there is no imposition of tax on any food and accommodation. The government should solicit for funds from private enterprises to support the tourism industry. This will help to eradicate if not reduce tax rate to its minimum. Reduction of tourist visa fee to compete with Schengen visa Thus the amount of money taken from tourists as they apply for tourist visa should be reduced to compete with the other competitive countries. Also the UK government should publish a national travel and tourism strategy which will aim at reducing the tourist visa fee and process, border control and issues of image. This will maximize tourism visitation, spend and length of stay. Expansion of local and international sales teams Use the corporate governance strategy to keep the industry accountable. This will help to avoid any sorts of bribery and corruption in the tourism industry. Have a tourism industry which provides affordable quality, which is open to all and which makes the best use of Britains resources. Summary To sum up everything, Marshal (2012) opine that the challenges facing the tourism industry are complex and numerous. However, the two key among all the challenges are; Tax on accommodation and food and how to create a competitive, world-class tourism industry in Britain. Frankly speaking, addressing these challenges will require a high level of coordination and cooperation to marshal resources more effectively. Fiscal pressures and competing priorities among all tourism partners and tourism stakeholders will require new and innovative partnership arrangements to respond to growing competition and global opportunities (Marshal, 2012). Conclusion This report has provided a product and market development strategy for the UK tourism industry. The background history of UK and the overview of the scope are revealed in this study. It also outlined the vision, mission and strategic objectives of the study. Situational analysis of the industry based on the local market, value of tourism and UKs position in the international market has been scholarly presented. The report revealed a summary of the key findings of strategic marketing audit of the UK tourism sector. The findings of the report are used to develop a strategy for increasing the economic benefits of tourism to UK. The strategy for overcoming the challenges in order to increase the number of individuals visiting UK for tourism is disclosed in this report. The report concludes by making strategic recommendations for areas of growth in tourism activities in UK, development of products and resources needed to ensure viability. More so, significant barriers to implementing those recommendations are identified throughout the report to address the concerns of stakeholders of the industry. To amass everything, it is the objective of the Ministry of Tourism and the Government of UK to create the environment where the industry would do not only teach people to smile but give them a reason to smile. The Government should note the above recommendations a point and legislate new tourism policy ( Hon. Harold Lovel, 2012). Annotated Bibliography Vision, mission, aims and objectives In order for an organization to have clear strategic directions, it must first formulate clear vision, mission, aims and objectives. The following books were helpful in discussing the purpose of the vision, mission, aims and objectives; Dale, C. (2012), Strategic Management for Tourism Senior Lecturer in Tourism University of Wolverhampton Evans, N. C. D. and Stonehouse, G (2003) Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann, 15-20 Understanding Strategic Position and Tourism Strategy and Tourism have myriad of definitions from a different perspective. It is therefore important to open this report with a brief explanation on strategic positioning and tourism. This will help to facilitate better understanding of strategy formulation and implementation. The following books, journals and articles were helpful in capturing the main conceptualization of strategy and tourism. Capon, C. (2008), Understanding Strategic Management, Prentice Hall: Hemel Hempstead. Lovelock, C. H. (1984). Services Marketing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Lovelock, C. H. (1991). Services Marketing. 2nd ed., Prentice- Hall Johnson, G. et al. (2008), Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall: Hemel Hempstead. Porter, M.E., (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analysing industries and competitors New York: The Free Press Tribe, J, (2010), Strategy for Tourism, Goodfellow Publishers, Oxford Overview of Tourism Industry in UK In order to get broad and comprehensive review of tourism in UK, there was the need to research into several books, journals and articles which helpful to this report. As a matter of fact, the following books and journals were able to give accurate information that the researcher was looking for. Butler, R.W. (2011): Contemporary Tourism Reviews: Tourism Life Cycle Strathclyde Business School, Universiity of Strathclyde Goodfellow Publishers Ltd., Woodeaton, Oxford, OX3 9TJ Website- wwww.goodfellowpublishers.com Shaw, S. (2012): International Hospitality Management Program http://www.sprottshaw.com/programs/tourism-hospitality/international-hospitality-management/ Accessed on December 12, 2012 The Economic Importance of Tourism: UK Tourism Satellite .., http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/tourism/tourism-satellite-account/2009the-economic-importance-of-tourism/rep-2009tsa.html (accessed December 12, 2012). Tribe, J. (2005), The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. UNWTO, EUROSTAT, OECD (2008), Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA:RMF), Madrid, Luxembourg, Paris. UNWTO, EUROSTAT, OECD (2008), International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008(IRTS 2008), New York, Madrid. United Nations, Statistical Office of the European Communities, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Tourism Organization (2008). VisitBritain Consultation Document (2012) Delivering A Golden Legacy: A Grow Strategy for Inbound Tourism to Britain from 2012 to 2020. Website- www.visitbritain.org Key Issues and Challenges This part of the report is very sensitive to the study; therefore there was the need to get books which would give accurate information about the benefits and challenges confronting the tourism industry in UK. The research made reference from the following books and websites; BIS Economic Paper (2012): Industrial Strategy: UK Analysis Department for Business Innovative Skills, No. 18 http://www.bis.gov.uk Business Management and Strategies, http://teeanthony.blogspot.com/ (accessed December 12, 2012). Marshall, C. (2012), Challenges facing the Tourism Industry in Antiqua Barbuda: Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation. Office of National Statistics (2012): The Economic Importance of Tourism: UK Tourism Satellite Account 2009 VisitBritain Consultation Document (2012) Delivering A Golden Legacy: A Grow Strategy for Inbound Tourism to Britain from 2012 to 2020. Website- www.visitbritain.org TOMORROWS TOURISM Home Ask, common questions asked of (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/corp-tourism/docs/TomorrowsTourism.pdf Strategic Options This section of the report focuses on the Marketing strategy and action plan. There was the need to get frameworks and models to support the work. Therefore made reference from the following books below, because these books give accurate explanations to the various strategic options and marketing models; Buhalis, D., 1999a, Limits of tourism development in peripheral destinations: problems and challenges, Tourism Management, Vol.20(2), pp.183-185. Cooper, C. et al., (1998), Tourism: Principles and Practices, 2nd ed, Addison Wesley Longman, England. Digital Startup and Campaign Marketing station in Hyderabad .., http://browsemasters.com/ (accessed December 12, 2012). French Luxury Vacations, http://frenchluxuryvacations.com/ (accessed December 12, 2012). William, J. (2002): H. Igor Ansoff, 83; education drew worldwide acclaim- San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved (8/12/2012 http://www.mindtools.com/subscribe.htm. Beatty, C. et al., (June, 2010): The Seaside Tourism Industry in England and Wales: Employment, Economic Output, Location and Trend. Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research Sheffield Hallam University Positioning the Destination Product Bournemouth University ..http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/15749/1/Positioning_the_Destination_Product_-_C an_Regional_Tourist_Boards_Learn_from_Private_Sector_Practice_(for_upload to_BURO).pdf (accessed December 12, 2012). Porter M.E. (1996), What is Strategy?| Reflections, http://jensgulich.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/ / (accessed December 12, 2012). Pima Community College : As with other impacts: Directories, http://ecc.pima.edu/~tourism/Negative%20Impact%20of%20Tourism.htm (accessed December 12, 2012) Tugberks Blog TugberkUgurlu.Com, http://www.tugberkugurlu.com/?page=24 (accessed December 12, 2012 What is the difference between the United Kingdom, Great ..? http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzuk.htm (accessed December 12, 2012). Appendices appendix 1 (KEY ISSUES FINDINGS) Increase in Price A research conducted by San Francisco State University indicated that, the prices for local goods and services have increased by 8% as a result of tourism development. What it means is that, tourism development has tremendously increased in both building costs and land values. This is because the rich are now using the lands to build and engage in real estate for tourism purpose. This has resulted in difficulty for the indigenous people to meet the basic needs to purchase lands for their own use. Economic Dependence According to Marshall (2012), over-reliance on tourism, especially mass tourism carries significant risks to tourism dependent economies. He argues that economic recession and the impacts of natural calamities such as tropical storms and hurricanes as well as changing tourism patterns can have a devastating effect on the local tourism sector. Reduction of UK Government fund for tourism industry In addition, the reduction of UK Government funding on tourism industry is a factor. Thus, the subsidy given by the UK government as a supporting aid to the tourism industry has dropped by  £48.0m to  £35.9m, which is 25% decrease in 2011. This has Profile Of A Web Designer | Personal Development Profile Of A Web Designer | Personal Development The job of a Web designer is thrilling as well as adventurous because every day there is new task to do. However, every web designer works individually on individual projects, but there is team of designers who work together and bound to collaborate with each other. The team is composed of multiple designers experienced in particular area of designing. However, working with team is considered as tiring and self-pressing but our team is with the potential to work together while enjoying and satisfying the organizational needs. The thing that makes the work enjoyable working with the team is that team leader and other team members are with the clear objectives and agreed goals. Every team member is surely defined his responsibility for which he is responsible to not only team leader but also team members. This is possible due to friendly and open environment which provides the member with the confrontation. However, at some place the role of our leader is authoritative and dominant but the sound procedure of undertaking of work and other duties remain in cooperation. Even though conflicts rise yet they are solved with support and trust provided to team members by team leader. Personal Role and Responsibilities My role in team environment is as team member and team coordinator. Being team coordinator I have to perform double responsibility first is related to web designing and second is as team coordinator. As a team coordinator, I am responsible for motivating team, managing team and report the team performance to team leader. Thus, I am also committed to participate in the team meetings, preheating team results reports on regularly basis and maintain confidentiality which is required for team members for showing trust. Information dissemination is also one of the important responsibilities of mine. Along with all above mentioned task giving and taking suggestion for improvement is a significant job. Personal Reporting Relationship Reporting is mean of communication for the progress and procedure of task assigned to team members. Team maintains reporting strategy as important part of daily working routine. The reporting relationship of the team member is inward which results in collaborative motivation and group norms. Every member of team, responsible for task assigned to them, report for their working function on the task in written to team leader and team leader further report to other higher management. Being team member I am also obliged to report to the team leader and other collaborative member of the team about the work progress. Since, I also possess responsibility of team coordinator so I must report to management for the performance of the team members. Thus, the reporting relationship I endure is both inward and outward. Operational Links with Other Individuals and Departments Our Web designing team performs under the leading Designing department which also operates the Website Development Department and teams of website development. Thus, the major link our web designing team has with website development and with Web Developers who work on the further work of Website to finalize it after Web Designing. Other departments with which the team has linked with is Quality Control department. The Quality Control department maintains the quality of Website designed by the designing teams and assures that designs are to match the requirements of the clients. Links with Other Businesses and External Agencies The team is managed by the outsourced Human Resource Department which is an external agency. Entire company is managed through the HRD and for training and other management issue related to Human Resource, team leader has to contact with the outsourced Human Resource agents. Moreover, team is to travel to the off-site of the external agency for attending training sessions arranged by the company for the employees. As far as link of the team with other business is concerned, IT experts are the main concerns for that. The main clients of the company are IT related businesses that need to have their website designed for online businesses; formal meetings are held between team members and IT businesses people so that they can explain to understand the requirements of their businesses and other specific requirements to be fulfilled. Task 2 2. Personal Development Journal A Brief Version of Personal Profile I am a confident Website Designer with 1 and half years experience in the professional website designating. I have expertise in XHTML / HTML coding and JavaScript while at intermediate level of AJAX. Moreover, I can also work with server side scripting language such as PHP, JSP, ASP or ASP.NET. Other than this, I possess expertise in PHP framework and database skills such as MySQL. At present job, I am responsible for designing Website using XHTML / HTML coding and JavaScript and PHP framework. I have proven my ability in XHTML / HTML coding and JavaScript and database skills as I can also work on the MySQL. Moreover, I have also proven my ability in server side scripting language like PHP and ASP.NET. My Excellent skills are in HTML coding, CSS, Design Sense, Java Script and Ajax, Flash, SEO and Project Management. I am looking for a position in a professional and multinational company where there is number of opportunity to have professional growth. I am looking for position in Web Designing and seeking an opportunity in media web designing with literal opportunity to work on challenging and unique concepts. I am seeking to continue my career as Web Designer with vast experience working on the different server scripts and also wish to continue my learning in the same field. My objective is to develop a career not just a source of income but also make working experience pleasant for lifetime by delivering professional and outstanding work. Progress on the Study Programme Considering the above professional goals and objectives, there is need to identify the skills required and to use them correctly. When I first started my career as Web Designer I had not realized that to be successful in professional life along with making a career do not only require the professional skills in the field but also need other skills such as working in team or group environment, using effective communication with colleagues and managements and work and time management as the most important key skill required to make path for career. Throughout, the professional period I had I understood the significance of these skills however it was difficult to perform all of them without any guidance. I planned to improve my little expertise in those particular areas and started with enhancing the effective communication skills. However, enhancing the skills require the personal assessment and evaluation, I came up with the target to manage conflicts in working environment by communicating with the team members and team leader. Moreover, time management has been the significant component to achieve the career goals as my career depends on the project management. I learned that time management through planning my tasks with the given time, with prioritizing and arranging my dos and donts. The prioritization of task helped to understand the way tasks are prioritized using tags like Important, Urgent or Neither Urgent nor Important. Team Leader / Manager / Operational Workplace Performance After assessing and evaluating the requirements and undertaking the performance my performance improved at workplace in every role. As a team coordinator I learned to manage the time for performing extra responsibility as before I was unable to manage my two working responsibilities. Now I plan my tasks and duties before I initiate any work and prioritize them accordingly. Initially I found it difficult due to inability to realize the importance of right tasks and estimating the time required to finish particular tasks. After some time, I identified the mistakes I was making in prioritizing and then did the practice for not to repeat them. General Workplace Development General workplace development had been the achievement of the project management by managing my time appropriately. By planning my time and tasks together I was able to perform well even in short period of time. Initially, I found it difficult practice to carry out the planning while maintaining the quality and quantity both as I found it challenging to find a way to cope up with the appropriate time and project management. With the constant practice of 3 weeks, I learned to manage the difficulty with the time management but still I have found that more practice is required to meet the career objectives. Progress on Achieving Goals As described above the professional objectives and goals, I needed to know the work management and it is not possible unless I learn time management. I analyzed my progress on the time management along with assessing my professional skills. At first, it was not easy to analyze my personality but then I started with personal and professional weaknesses and strengths. The understanding with personal as well as professional strengths and weaknesses assisted me to comprehend the way I could plan my task with the given time for finishing the work.

Company Profile of Lactalis

Company Profile of Lactalis I HISTORY         Ã‚   Lactalis is a family-owned company based in Laval, Mayenne, in France. Andrà © Besnier started his cheese maker activity in 1933. It started with the name of Socià ©tà © Besnier when Andrà © Besnier collected 35 liters of milk and made 17 camemberts out of it. Since then, the company changed its name to Lactalis in 1999 and became the world leader of dairy products. Chronology Some key Dates 1933  Andrà © Besnier establishes a cheese making business 1968  Besnier creates the Prà ©sident brand 1977  Michel Besnier launches products abroad and creates the service Besnier Export 1980  The group becomes the 1st European dairy company 1986  Besnier Export becomes Besnier International 1999  The company changes its name to Groupe Lactalis 1999  Besnier International becomes Lactalis International 2005 Lactalis purchased A. McLelland and Son Limited, a Scottish based cheese manufacturer 2006  Buyout of Galbani, leader of cheese in Italy and Italian cheeses in Europe. Lactalis becomes the 2nd cheese leader worldwide. 2006 Joint venture between the Lactalis Group and Nestlà © 2010  Acquisition of Puleva in Spain, 2nd leader for milk in the country. 2010 Acquisition of; Rachels Dairy Limited, the 2nd for organic yogurts and 1st for organic flavoured big pot yogurts in the UK 2011  Acquisition of Parmalat, Italian dairy company. Lactalis becomes the 1st; dairy company in the world II COMPANY STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION Lactalis is a private company owned by the Besnier family, with Emmanuel Besnier, the founders grandson, as its CEO. The company employs around 75 000 people. Lactalis owns 230 industrial sites in 43 countries.Lactalis is the: à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   1st dairy company worldwide 1st cheese making company worldwide 1st milk collecting company in Europe 1st cheese maker in Europe The commercialization of products in Asia, Africa, Oceania, the Middle-East and in DOM-TOMs (French overseas departments and territories) is managed by Lactalis International. Divisions in Lactalis Group Lactalis cheeses Lactalis Butter Creams Lactel Lactalis AOC Lactalis consumption AFH Lactalis industry Lactalis International LNUF Lactalis feed Job sectors Procurement Milk collection Sales Finance finance controlling Industrial Information technology Legal department Supply chain Marketing Quality Research and development Human resources III AREAS OF OPERATION Industrial presence worldwide Location of offices and subsidiaries worldwide Red Subsidiaries/ Offices : Lactalis CaraÃÆ' ¯bes; Lactalis Indian Ocean; Algeria; Egypt; Saudi Arabia; Gulf CC and levant; Lactalis Japan; Lactalis China; Lactalis Hong Kong; Lactalis Vietnam; Lactalis Singapore;;;;;;;;;;;;; Grey Export Lactalis International : Sub-saharan Africa; Maghreb-Mediterranean; Rest of Asia; Pacific Blue Other: Lactalis American Group; Lactalis Europe; Lactalis Europe de lEst; Lactalis CEI; Lactalis Australia IV PRODUCTS Product Mix Lactalis Groups product mix and product lines are wide: cheese, yoghurt, milk, cream, butter, powder milk, milk drinks, milk replacers, etc. Lactalis owns a lot of prestigious brands, in France and in other places in the world. Some brands and products Cheese : Prà ©sident Rouy Lepetit Bridà ©light Galbani Rondelà © Munsters Little Friends Butter and creams : Prà ©sident Bridà ©lice Bridà ©light Primrose Galbani Milk : Lactel -; Prà ©sident Ultra-fresh : Nestlà © Nutrition : Cà ©lia Milk replacers : Lactapro Eurovo Manufacturing process Lactalis Group takes the greatest care in collecting the best milk in France and in the world. The development of the Lactalis Group has always been done in respect of human beings and in respect of their partnership with milk producers. In France and abroad, Lactalis Groups constant investments in industrial development and innovation are an insurance of the optimization of milk production. Milk collection Several conditions are necessary to guarantee the production of milk in quantity and in quality: favorable climate, availability of water, extensive agricultural areas, good diets, and technical skills. Lactalis Group has been able to draw the full potential of its dairy tradition and is now the worlds third largest milk collector with more than 18 billion litres collected annually (5.6 billion in France) and is also working in the sheep and goat milk sectors. Environment More than fifty technicians and salespeople of the Group are in contact with milk producers to provide advice and technical assistance. This ensures milk quality, respect for the environment and animal welfare. Lactalis is committed to the environment with the adoption of a charter called Cap sur lavenir (Heading for the future). This commits the firm to good animal husbandry practices, respecting animal welfare; but also to better environmental practices and the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions. Lactalis also deploys energy diagnostics producers to improve its facilities, limit gas emissions, control the temperature of heating, or improve other parameters in order to save energy, such as installing pre-coolers for milk or heat recovery units. Organic milk Lactalis has been involved in organic production for more than 20 years. With the growth of the organic market, products are more and more diverse: UHT milk, cream and butter. Lactalis became the leader in the market of organic milk with their brand Lactel. The collection of organic milk is of 135 million litres of milk, which represents 2.5% of the groups collection. Over the last five years, Lactalis has been accompanying 265 dairy farms engaged in a process of organic conversion. Cows diet Lactalis is in partnership with Valorex to help producers to optimize the feeding of cows and thus improve the quality and properties of the milk produced. The composition of the cows diet contains less soy, more grass, flax, clover, peasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This change in diet results in more than 500 less tones of imported soybeans, almost 500 new hectares of flax. (Flax seeds are rich in Omega 3 and antioxidants), 400 new hectares of grass and alfalfa, and 156 hectares of peas, fababeans, rapeseed, and lupine. This gives an enriched milk of Omega 3, with less saturated fat. It also impacts the cows metabolism and the number of tons of CO2 produced by their digestion is also reduced. V STRATEGY Lactalis strategy is about professionalism, which can be seen in its wide range of products, as in its will to give the best quality of products to its consumers.;;;;;;;;;;;;; They also support their brands abroad by organizing several marketing and commercial actions. Diversification Their main strategy is diversification. They already have a wide range of different dairy products, owning a big share of the market. Their diversification is based on large-scale milk processing in all its forms, placing stress on quality production. They aim for better breeding practices, a certification of producers, a monitoring of milk quality and sustainability. Expansion strategy Another main point of their strategy is market expansion. Buyout of other companies is their way to reach more markets and consumers locally and worldwide. They entered the ultra-fresh market by doing a joint venture with Nestlà ©, called Lactalis Nestlà © Produits Frais LNPF, owned 60 % by Lactalis. They made the acquisition of Puleva and Forlasa in 2010, which have a dominant position in Spain. They also acquired Galbani in 2006, Italys first cheese producer, and Parmalat in 2011. These are only some examples of Lactalis expansion. V FINANCIAL STRUCTURE Capital structure of Lactalis The capital structure of Lactalis shows that the Besnier family owns 100% of the firm. Emmanuel Besnier, its CEO, is the majority shareholder. Capital Structure of Lactalis, propriety of the Besnier family Turnover of the company and its distribution Financial data by year Year 2004 2005 2008 Turnover  £5.6 billion (25% abroad)  £6 billion (40% abroad)  £9.35 billion Year 2009 2010 2016 Turnover  £8.5 billion (56% abroad)  £14.7 billion (74% abroad)  £17 billion Prà ©sident is sold in 160 countries and produces more than  £1.8 billion turnover. Galbani is sold in 140 countries and produces more than  £1.5 billion turnover.      Ã‚   VI PROGRAMMES TO ATTRACT YOUNG GRADUATES The Commercial and Marketing Graduate programme allows young graduates to work as a Product Manager or Sector Manager. The Maintenance programme allows to work at several of their production sites to develop potential and broaden knowledge. The Finance controlling programme offers a 6-month internship, followed by a 24-month international internship (V.I.E). The Industrial programme is designed to transfer French dairy expertise to foreign students. It is a sandwich course programme at the Higher School of Agriculture in Angers (ESA), combining periods at school with work experience in two production sites in France with an offer of work placement after two years. REFERENCES Agro, L. (2017). Lactalis : le PDG Emmanuel Besnier en est lactionnaire majoritaire Lusine Agro. [online] usinenouvelle.com/. Available at: http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/lactalis-le-pdg-emmanuel-besnier-en-est-l-actionnaire-majoritaire.N151974 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://www.iuf.org/sites/cms.iuf.org/files/The%20Lactalis%20Group.pdf [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Groupelactalis.co.uk. (2017). Groupe Lactalis UK. [online] Available at: http://groupelactalis.co.uk/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Lactalis. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Fr.wikipedia.org. (2017). Lactalis. [online] Available at: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Lactalisfeed.fr. (2017). Lactalis Feed | Lenfance de là ©levage. [online] Available at: http://www.lactalisfeed.fr/en/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Lactalis-international.com. (2017). Lactalis international Accueil. [online] Available at: http://www.lactalis-international.com/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Lactalis. (2017). Le Groupe Lactalis Lactalis. [online] Available at: http://www.lactalis.fr/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017].